National Space Day

National Space Day

Why it Matters? 

  • India is set to celebrate its second National Space Day on August 23, 2025, marking two years since the Chandrayaan-3 mission's successful landing on the Moon's south pole.  

What You Should Know? 

  • India became the fourth country to land on the moon and the first to reach its southern polar region on August 23, 2023.  

  • To honour this landmark achievement, August 23 was announced as "National Space Day". 

  • India celebrated its maiden National Space Day on August 23, 2024 with the theme "Touching Lives while Touching the Moon: India's Space Saga." 

  • India is celebrating its second National Space Day on August 23, 2025 with the theme “Aryabhatta to Gaganyaan: Ancient Wisdom to Infinite Possibilities” 

  • India has ratified key UN space treaties, including the Outer Space Treaty (1967).  

  • The Outer Space Treaty (1967) is the cornerstone of international space law. 

Outer Space Treaty  

  • It is the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. 

  • It was adopted by UN General Assembly in 1966 and entered into force on 10 October 1967. 

  • It establishes legal framework for responsible use and exploration of outer space. 

  • Key Provisions include: 

  • Peaceful Use: Outer space shall be used only for peaceful purposes; military bases, weapons of mass destruction prohibited. 

  • No National Appropriation: Space and celestial bodies cannot be claimed by any nation. 

  • State Responsibility: States are responsible for national space activities, whether by government or private entities. 

  • Liability: States are liable for damage caused by their space activities. 

  • International Cooperation: Activities should benefit all countries and promote scientific collaboration. 

  • India has ratified the treaty. 

India and Outer Space Treaties 

  • Rescue Agreement (1968): Ratified; ensures astronauts in distress are assisted, space objects returned. 

  • Liability Convention (1972): Ratified; launching states liable for damage caused by space objects. 

  • Registration Convention (1976): Ratified; requires UN registration of space objects. 

  • Moon Agreement (1979): Signed but not ratified; regulates Moon and celestial body use.