National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT
Why it Matters?
On August 8, 2025, the Supreme Court admitted an appeal filed by Alphabet Inc., the parent company of Google, against a judgment of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT).
What You Should Know?
The tribunal had earlier upheld, at least in part, the Competition Commission of India’s (CCI) findings that Google had abused its dominant position in the Android ecosystem to indulge in anti-competitive practices.
NCLAT-National Company Law Appellate Tribunal
It is established under Section 410 of the Companies Act, 2013.
It functions as the appellate authority for orders passed by:
NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal) under the Companies Act, 2013.
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
CCI (Competition Commission of India) under the Competition Act, 2002.
National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA).
It hears appeals on company law, insolvency resolution, liquidation, and competition law matters.
Its Headquarters is in New Delhi.
It consists of a Chairperson, Judicial Members, and Technical Members. Members are appointed by the Central Government.
Chairperson must be a retired or serving Supreme Court Judge or Chief Justice of a High Court.
Appeals from NCLAT go directly to the Supreme Court of India on questions of law.
It ensures uniform interpretation of company, insolvency, and competition laws across India.
Competition Commission of India (CCI)
The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is a statutory and quasi-judicial body working under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
It was established under the Competition Act, 2002 and was duly constituted in March 2009.
Objectives: Preventing anti-competitive agreements, curbing abuse of dominance, promoting healthy competition, safeguarding consumer interests, and ensuring freedom of trade.