Uranium Contamination in Breast Milk
Context:
A recent study published in the journal Nature has revealed the presence of uranium (U238) in the breast milk of lactating mothers in six districts of Bihar.
While the findings raised concerns, experts have clarified that the observed levels are below permissible limits for drinking water and pose minimal immediate health risks.
Key Findings of the Study:
Uranium concentrations in breast milk samples ranged from 0 to 5.25 micrograms/L.
There is no specific permissible limit for uranium in breast milk.
However, the observed levels are significantly lower than the World Health Organization's (WHO) provisional guideline of 30 micrograms/L for drinking water.
Health Impact:
The study concludes that the actual health impact on infants is likely low.
Most uranium absorbed by mothers is excreted through urine rather than accumulating in breast milk.
Doctors emphasize that breastfeeding should continue, as the risks of malnutrition and infection from stopping breastfeeding far outweigh the theoretical risks of uranium exposure at these levels.
Source of Contamination:
The study links the presence of uranium in breast milk to groundwater contamination.
In India, groundwater uranium contamination has been reported in 151 districts across 18 states.
About Uranium Isotopes:
There are three naturally occurring isotopes of uranium (U-234, U-235 and U-238)
Most common isotope is U-238.
It constitutes over 99% of natural uranium found in the environment.
It is a weakly radioactive, dense, and heavy metal found in rocks, soil, and water.
Humans are primarily exposed through the ingestion of contaminated food and water or inhalation of dust.
While skin can block its alpha particles, ingestion of high concentrations can target the kidneys and liver.