UNFCCC
Why it Matters?
COP-30, hosted by Brazil in Belem, will emphasize implementing known climate solutions rather than new agreements. Amid challenges like the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, the summit seeks to separate negotiation from implementation.
What You Should Know?
The UNFCCC is an international treaty adopted at the Rio Earth Summit, 1992, and in force since 1994.
The UNFCCC Secretariat is headquartered in Bonn, Germany.
Its aim is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations to prevent dangerous climate change.
It has 198 Parties (197 countries + EU), making it nearly universal.
It is based on the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR-RC), placing greater responsibility on developed nations.
The Conference of Parties (COP) is its decision-making body and meets annually.
The first Conference of the Parties (COP) was held in Berlin, Germany, in 1995.
COP29 was hosted by Azerbaijan in Baku.
Major outcomes include the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Paris Agreement (2015).
India is a founding Party.