PIB Year End Review-2025: Ministry of Earth Sciences
Context:
The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) declared 2025 a landmark year for Indian science, highlighting major achievements in the year-end review.
Exploring these depths could provide solutions to global challenges like climate change. Considering this, the United Nations named the 2021-2030 decade as the ‘Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development’.
Deep Ocean Mining:
Deep Ocean Mission, launched in 2021, focusses on sustainably harnessing ocean wealth and strengthening the Blue Economy.
India successfully tested a deep-sea mining system at a depth of 5,270 metres in the Central Indian Ocean Basin.
This is the deepest such trial ever conducted globally.
Samudrayaan Mission:
Samudrayaan Project launched under the umbrella of Deep Ocean Mission, to work on its first component of deep-sea exploration through a manned submersible.
The indigenous human submersible MATSYA-6000 successfully completed its comfort and stability tests.
The objectiveis to send three humans to a depth of 6,000 meters for deep-sea exploration and rare mineral assessment.
It is built to work for 12 hours of operational period and sustain up to 96 hours in emergency scenarios.
In a separate collaborative mission in the Atlantic Ocean, Indian scientists reached a depth of 5,002 metres, setting a new benchmark for Indian oceanography.
Mission Mausam:
It was launched in 2025 to make India weather-ready and climate-smart.
The objective is to exponentially boost India's weather forecasting and management capabilities by 2047.
Under this there is thedeployment of next-generation radars, advanced satellite systems with high-resolution sensors, and high-performance supercomputers.
There is also the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to improve the precision of weather models and predictions.
The mission also plans to develop laboratory-simulated weather chambers to study and potentially manipulate weather
For example, suppressing hail or enhancing rain.
Platform SAHAV:
It is a new initiative to democratize weather data.
It is a participatory framework where citizens and local communities can contribute real-time weather observations to improve forecast accuracy at the hyperlocal level.
Other Key Achievements:
A third-party audit revealed that ₹1,000 crore invested in meteorology generated ₹50,000 crore in economic benefits, aiding 11 million below-poverty-line families.
Three eco-friendly desalination plants were commissioned in Lakshadweep
The Tsunami Early Warning Centre successfully monitored 32 major earthquakes with zero lapses.