Olive Ridley Sea Turtles
Context:
The Union Budget 2026-27 has proposed the development of 'turtle trails' along key nesting sites in the coastal areas of Odisha, Karnataka, and Kerala.
This move has triggered skepticism among conservationists who argue that mass nesting sites require absolute tranquility, not tourism pressure.
Key Nesting Sites in India:
Odisha is home to the world's largest mass nesting ground for Olive Ridley turtles.
Major Rookeries are:-
Gahirmatha, Kendrapara District is the most significant site.
However, public access is strictly restricted not just for conservation, but because it falls within the proximity of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur, India’s missile testing centre.
Rushikulya Mouth, Ganjam District is another critical site where a record seven lakh turtles have been observed nesting.
Unlike Gahirmatha, this site was previously accessible to tourists until the State Forest Department imposed restrictions to prevent disturbances.
Ecological Characteristics:
The unique mass nesting phenomenon is called 'Arribada'.
It is a rare event recorded globally only in a handful of places, primarily in India and Costa Rica.
Conservationists highlight that these turtles are highly sensitive to light pollution.
Artificial lights distract them, disrupting the nesting process.
Concerns with "Turtle Trails":
Anthropogenic Pressure:
Experts warn that promoting ecotourism through 'trails' could tamper with the conditions suitable for mass nesting.
Enforcement Gap:
Critics argue the focus should be on enforcement rather than tourism.
For instance, speed boats procured to enforce fishing bans during the mating season are currently lying defunct.