Neurotechnology and Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
Context:
Neurotechnology is emerging as a frontier that will stretch the boundaries of understanding and shaping the functioning of the human brain.
Neurotechnology sits at the intersection of biotechnology, engineering, and AI, offering significant economic and healthcare opportunities for India
What is Neurotechnology?
It involves the use of mechanical tools to talk directly to the brain to record, monitor, or influence neural activity
These devices can sense or stimulate brain signals in real-time, drawing on advances in neuroscience and computing
About Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
A BCI is a technology that blends neuroscience and computing to translate thoughts into action
It turns brain signals into digital commands that can control external devices like a computer cursor, a wheelchair, or a robotic arm.
Systems can be non-invasive (for example, EEG headsets) or invasive (implanted electrodes for precise control)
Applications and Need for India:
India has a high burden of neurological disorders like stroke, spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease and depression.
BCIs can help paralyzed patients move prosthetic limbs or use targeted neural stimulation to treat mental health issues like depression
Devices can help scientists study brain disorders and cognitive function
Global and Indian Developments:
The U.S. leads with initiatives like the BRAIN Initiative and private ventures like Neuralink.
China has the China Brain Project (2016-2030)
India's Progress:
Institutes like IIT Kanpur (BCI robotic hand), NBRC Manesar, and IISc Bangalore are leading research.
Startups like Dognosis are exploring unique applications like cancer detection using brain signals.