Nagoya Protocol
1. Nagoya Protocol
Context:
The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change published high-yield insights from India’s First National Report on the Nagoya Protocol, which was formally submitted to the CBD Secretariat in February 2026.
Facts for Prelims:
The Nagoya Protocol is a legally bindinginternational agreement designed to enforce the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources
It is functioning as a supplementary framework to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
It was officially adopted on October 29, 2010, in Nagoya, Japan, and entered into force globally on October 12, 2014, after securing the requisite ratifications.
The treaty mandates clear domestic obligations regarding
Access
Benefit-Sharing
Compliance
It explicitly covers traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources held by indigenous and local communities, requiring their Prior Informed Consent (PIC) and Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT).
In India, the protocol's mandates are structurally executed through the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, and regulated by the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) alongside State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs).