Legal Framework for Nuclear Energy in India
Context:
The Centre has introduced the SHANTI Bill (Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear energy for Transforming India) in the Lok Sabha.
The Bill aims to overhaul the existing legal framework to incentivise private sector participation in nuclear power production.
Existing Framework:
Currently, the sector is governed by:
The Atomic Energy Act, 1962:
This act historically created a government monopoly over nuclear power, restricting private players.
The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (CLND) Act, 2010:
This act defines the liability of operators and suppliers in case of nuclear accidents, which has been a concern for foreign suppliers.
Proposed Changes in the SHANTI Bill:
The new Bill proposes to replace both the Atomic Energy Act, 1962, and the CLND Act, 2010.
It removes the monopoly of the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) and allows both Indian and foreign private sectors to manufacture and operate nuclear power plants.
It confers statutory status on the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), creating a structure answerable to Parliament.
Liability Framework:
The Bill restricts instances where operators can claim compensation from suppliers.
It introduces limits on operator liability and caps the maximum penalty for a severe breach at ₹1 crore.
Strategic Goals:
The legislative changes aim to scale up India's installed nuclear power capacity from the current 8.8 GW to 100 GW by 2047.
This supports India's target of achieving Net-Zero emissions by 2070.