India’s Leap in Research and Innovation
Context:
India's research and development (R&D) ecosystem is witnessing rapid transformation
This is fuelled by a strong national focus on innovation-led growth
The Government has placed R&D at the heart of its journey towards Viksit Bharat@2047.
Highlights of R&D Growth
RDI Scheme:
A 1 lakh crore Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme has been launched to boost private-led innovation.
India's Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) more than doubled (from ₹60,196 crore in 2010-11 to ₹1.27 lakh crore in 2020-21)
The Central Government contributes 43.7% of total R&D expenditure, while the private sector industry accounts for 36.4%
India ranks 3rd globally in the number of Science and Engineering (S&E) PhDs awarded (after the USA and China)
The number of patents filed in India increased nearly three times (from 24,326 in 2020-21 to 68,176 in 2024-25)
Institutional and Policy Framework for Innovation
Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF):
It provides high-level strategic direction for research and innovation
It aims to mobilise funds amounting to ₹50,000 crore during 2023-28
It is designed to strengthen the link between academia and industry
Indian Space Policy, 2023:
It provides a unified framework, building on reforms that opened the domain to non-governmental entities
It aims to enhance space capabilities and promote a flourishing commercial space industry
It established IN-SPACe
It is an autonomous organisation to promote, guide, and authorise space activities
BioE3 Policy, 2024:
It stands for Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment
It seeks to advance innovation in six thematic areas
It encourages the creation of Biomanufacturing and Bio-AI hubs and a national Biofoundry network
Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) 2.0:
It is a flagship initiative launched in 2016 to foster innovation and entrepreneurship
It includes setting up Atal Tinkering Labs in schools and Atal Incubation Centres in universities
The Cabinet approved its continuation till March 2028.
Under AIM 2.0, the mission aims to expand its reach and engagement.