India's Energy Matrix
Context:
As on October 31, 2025, India’s total installed power generation capacity has reached 5,05,023 MW (505 GW).
A significant milestone has been achieved where non-fossil fuel sources now contribute more than half (51.37%) of the country's total installed capacity.
Fossil fuels: 245.6 GW (48.6%)
Dominated by coal (218.3 GW), followed by gas, lignite, and diesel.
Coal remains the dominant individual source with 2,18,258 MW.
Gas contributes 20,132 MW.
Lignite contributes 6,620 MW.
Non-fossil fuels: 259.4 GW (51.37%)
Renewable Energy Sources (RES): 250.6 GW (49.6%)
Nuclear power: 8.78 GW (1.74%)
Solar is the largest component with 1,29,924 MW.
Wind stands at 53,600 MW.
Large Hydro projects contribute 50,348 MW.
Installed Capacity Breakdown:
The total capacity of Non-fossil fuel sources stand at 2,59,423 MW, accounting for 51.4% of the total mix.
The total capacity of fossil fuel sources is 2,45,600 MW, accounting for 48.6% of the total mix
Key Government Initiatives:
India achieved 50% non-fossil installed electricity capacity in June 2025, more than five years ahead of its Paris Agreement NDC target.
The government is accelerating efforts to achieve the commitment of 500 GW non-fossil energy capacity by 2030.
Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS) charges have been waived for solar, wind, offshore wind, and green hydrogen-linked projects.
Solar parks, ultra-mega projects, and decentralised schemes like PM-KUSUM and PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.
Green Hydrogen Mission aims to set up at least 5 MMT per annum of green hydrogen capacity by 2030 to aid decarbonization.
Role of Nuclear Energy:
Target of 100 GW nuclear capacity by 2047
Development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs) for industrial hubs.
Introduction of the SHANTI Bill, 2025, enabling greater public–private participation.