Important Mudras in Buddhism
Context:
A mudra is a symbolic or ritual gesture in Hinduism and Buddhism.
While some mudras involve the entire body, most are performed with the hands and fingers.
Bhumisparsha Mudra (Earth-Touching Pose):
This mudra represents the moment of the Buddha's enlightenment.
It symbolizes the Buddha calling upon the Earth goddess to witness his attainment of enlightenment, despite the temptations and assaults by the demon Mara.
It signifies unwavering resolve and the triumph of wisdom.
The Buddha is seated, with his right hand reaching down to touch the earth.
Example:
A 10th-century Pala period stele from Nalanda shows the Buddha performing this gesture under the Bodhi tree.
Dharmachakrapravartana Mudra (Turning the Wheel of Law Pose)
This mudra commemorates the Buddha's first sermon.
It represents the setting in motion of the 'Wheel of Dharma,' symbolizing the teaching of the Buddha's doctrines.
Both hands are held against the chest, with the tips of the thumb and index finger of one hand touching the other to form a circle.
Example:
An 11th-12th century Pala period sculpture from Nalanda shows the Buddha in this mudra, representing his first sermon at the Deer Park in Sarnath.
Abhaya Mudra (Gesture of Reassurance)
This mudra is a gesture of fearlessness and protection.
It signifies reassurance, safety, and the dispelling of fear.
The right hand is raised to shoulder height with the palm facing outwards.
Example:
A 2nd-century Kushan period sculpture of Bodhisattva Maitreya from Ahichchhatra shows him making this gesture.
Varada Mudra (Boon-Granting Gesture)
Bodhisattva Manjushri embodies transcendent wisdom, radiating knowledge and enlightenment.
In his right hand, he offers the boon-granting gesture (varada mudra), symbolizing generosity and spiritual gifts.
This mudra represents compassion and wish-granting.
It symbolizes charity, compassion, sincerity, and the granting of boons and spiritual gifts.
The arm is extended downwards with the palm facing outwards.
Example:
An 8th-century Pala period sculpture of Bodhisattva Manjushri from Nalanda depicts him offering the Varada mudra with his right hand.