Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) Trains (Science and Technology)
Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) Trains (Science and Technology)
Why In News:
The physics behind maglev (magnetic levitation) trains, a technology that allows trains to float above the track without physical contact, enabling extremely high speeds with minimal friction was in news.
Source: The Hindu, Page 11, 21 July 2026, 'How magnetic levitation lifts and propels high-speed maglev trains'
How Maglev Technology Works
Maglev trains use powerful electromagnets to lift the train above the guideway and to propel it forward, eliminating the wheel-rail friction found in conventional trains.
There are two principal levitation methods:
Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS), where electromagnets on the train are attracted upward to a ferromagnetic rail.
Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS), which uses superconducting magnets to induce a repulsive force in coils on the track, lifting the train once it reaches a minimum speed.
Propulsion is provided by a Linear Induction Motor (LIM) or Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM), which creates a moving magnetic field along the guideway that pulls the train forward, rather than a rotating motor turning wheels.
India's Position
India currently has no operational or under-construction maglev line.
The Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail corridor, India's flagship bullet train project, uses conventional Japanese Shinkansen wheel-on-rail technology, not maglev.
Maglev has been examined in Indian policy discussions as a long-term option for ultra-high-speed corridors, though high construction costs and the need for dedicated guideways have limited its feasibility so far.
Benefits of Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) Technology
Minimal Friction: Maglev trains operate without physical contact between the train and track, resulting in negligible friction, lower wear and tear, reduced maintenance require ments, and improved energy efficiency.
Environmentally Sustainable: Maglev systems generate no direct emissions during operation and can be powered by renewable energy sources, making them a cleaner alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based transport.